Contact Dermatitis From Acrylic Nails: What You Need To Know

Are you aware that those seemingly harmless acrylic nails could be harboring a hidden threat to your skin? Contact dermatitis, a type of allergic reaction, is becoming increasingly prevalent due to the chemicals found in nail products, potentially leading to uncomfortable rashes, swelling, and itching.

The world of nail cosmetics has seen an explosion of trends, from the classic elegance of a French manicure to the long-lasting allure of gel polish. However, alongside the beauty and convenience, a growing concern has emerged: allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). This condition, an inflammatory reaction of the skin, is triggered by an allergen that comes into contact with the skin. In the realm of nail enhancements, this frequently involves the chemicals present in polishes, glues, and artificial nail materials.

The history of this dermatological concern dates back to 1956, when Canizares first documented a contact allergy to acrylic artificial nails. Since then, the issue has grown, with more and more individuals experiencing adverse reactions. The primary culprits are often the acrylates, which are found in both artificial nails and gel nail polishes. These chemicals are responsible for the hardening of the product, allowing it to adhere to the natural nail. However, acrylates are also potent sensitizers, meaning they can trigger an immune response in susceptible individuals.

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The rise in popularity of gel nail polish (GNP) is another factor contributing to the increase in contact dermatitis cases. GNP's durability and aesthetic appeal have made it a favorite worldwide. Unfortunately, the ingredients that provide these benefits also contain potential allergens. Researchers have conducted extensive reviews of the complications associated with GNP, meticulously analyzing studies from databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify the specific challenges and sensitivities that are emerging.

The symptoms of nail contact dermatitis can vary in presentation. Some individuals may experience irritant contact dermatitis, often marked by nail plate yellowing, nail dystrophy (abnormal nail growth), and cuticle destruction. Others will develop allergic contact dermatitis, which presents with a characteristic psoriasiform reaction, resembling psoriasis, across multiple fingernails. Both types can result in changes in the skin around the nails, including the proximal nail fold (pnf) and the hyponychium.

The allergens in nail cosmetics are numerous, and may include, but are not limited to, acrylates. Besides acrylics, other ingredients, such as the solvent butyl acetate and colourants, have also been linked to allergic reactions. Even shellac, a resin derived from the female lac insect and used in some nail polishes, can trigger contact allergies. Sensitivity to these chemicals may lead to both allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, depending on the individual's susceptibility and the concentration of the chemicals.

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The impact of nail cosmetics on the skin is not limited to the wearer. Manicurists and other professionals who work with nail products are at increased risk due to their constant exposure. Occupational and household activities that involve wet work may further elevate the risk. Furthermore, habits like thumb sucking in young children may create further exposure to the allergens.

In the Netherlands, researchers at a university hospital in Amsterdam have studied the frequency and clinical features of ACD related to nail cosmetics. Their findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on this dermatological issue.

One specific acrylate of concern is isobornyl acrylate (IBOA). This photopolymerizable monomer is frequently used in coatings, sealants, glues, and adhesives. It has also been identified as a cause of ACD, with cases linked to nail glues. The growing evidence of IBOA's presence in nail products highlights the need for heightened awareness.

The severity of the reaction can also vary. Some individuals experience a mild rash, while others develop more serious conditions, such as onychodystrophy (nail plate abnormalities) and psoriasiform reactions. Contact dermatitis can be uncomfortable and itchy, but the rash itself can also swell, increasing discomfort. It is important to recognize the symptoms early and seek appropriate care.

There are instances where the allergenic effect of nail cosmetics can cause unexpected problems. One such scenario involves the use of IBOA found in home nail glue, revealing the potential for reactions to extend beyond the professional setting.

If you suspect you might be experiencing contact dermatitis, it is important to consult a dermatologist or other healthcare professional. A patch test can help to identify the specific allergens responsible for your reaction. This is a crucial step for managing the condition, allowing you to avoid the offending substances and reduce your symptoms.

Several factors can influence your chances of developing nail contact dermatitis. Individuals with occupational or household exposure to wet work are often more susceptible. Moreover, using nail products excessively or frequently may irritate and dry the nail plate and the surrounding skin. Furthermore, the risk of irritant contact dermatitis is higher when using nail products that have a high solvent concentration.

The materials used in artificial nails can also contribute to the problem. Acrylic nails have been implicated in cases of both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. The acrylic materials themselves, the wearer, and the manicurist who applies them are all exposed to the allergenic chemicals.

Several cases have been reported in 2014, contact allergy to artificial nails was still infrequent , yet there were several cases of occupational contact dermatitis from acrylic nails in beauticians and one case in a flamenco guitar player being reported.

Another point to remember is that contact dermatitis is not always immediately obvious. Some individuals may develop an allergic reaction over time due to repeated exposure to nail products. The skin under the nails may begin to peel, and the fingertips and pads may become itchy. Early detection of this reaction is crucial to avoid the worsening of the allergic reaction.

Several articles have discussed the implications of acrylates in nail cosmetics and contact dermatitis.

Alternatives to the 2007 North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) standard screening tray should be taken into consideration by professionals.

For those experiencing these issues, there is information available about various contact dermatitis issues.

If you are experiencing any symptoms, such as rash, itchiness, swelling, or any other skin changes, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional. They can help you identify the cause of your reaction and provide the most effective treatment plan. In the meantime, you may find relief from some over-the-counter products. Some people find that using a fan or filter may help to alleviate some symptoms.

Recognizing the early signs of contact dermatitis and adopting proactive strategies will help protect your skin and allow you to continue enjoying the benefits of nail enhancements.

Many individuals are finding that there are different ways to protect themselves from contact dermatitis. By being aware of the potential risks and taking appropriate precautions, you can help protect your skin and enjoy the benefits of nail enhancements. For example, you may be able to avoid using products containing specific chemicals, like acrylates, that you know trigger a reaction.

In conclusion, contact dermatitis is a multifaceted issue that is increasingly linked to the use of nail cosmetics. By understanding the potential allergens, recognizing the symptoms, and consulting with a healthcare professional, you can take steps to minimize your risk and protect the health of your skin.